On the clustering of bulk nanobubbles and their colloidal stability

Bulk nanobubbles which are usually observed in pure water have a mean diameter typically around 100 nm. We use combination of physical and chemical techniques to prove the hypothesis that nanoentities stable clusters much smaller nanobubbles. The stability bulk nanobubble is affected by factors such as ionic strength or internal energy system. show on order nm exist cluster form neutral basic media, dissociate into tiny primary 1 acidic presence small amounts salt. These new findings suggest high surface unsurprisingly tend behave similar manner solid nanoparticles terms their agglomeration tendency, confirmed DLVO theory. results will important implications for our understanding interpretation behaviour nanobubbles, particular interfacial colloidal stability.